Aphis craccivora and aphis fabae were found to infest broad bean in egypt. Aphis craccivora koch, has become a pest of alfalfa and has been found colonizing cotton in californias san joaquin valley. Cowpea aphid on alfalfauc pest management guidelines. Insecta, hemimetabola, hemiptera, sternorrhyncha, aphidoidea, aphididae common name. Guest book cowpea aphid aphis craccivora family aphididae. Cowpea aphid, black legume aphid, groundnut aphid distribution. Aphis is a genus of insects in the family aphididae containing at least 600 species of aphids. Cowpeacereal intercrop alone does not effectively manage the pest.
The use of weather data and counts of aphids in field to predict incidence of yellowing viruses of sugarbeet crops in england in relation to use of insecticides. Cotton aphids aphis gossypii often infect sugarcane, papaya and peanuts with viruses. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Aphis species hemiptera, aphididae living on mulinum apiaceae in south america, with a description of a new species. Biology of groundnut aphid, aphis craccivora koch on cowpea, vigna unguiculata linnaeus walpers. Integrated management of aphis craccivora in cowpea using. This aphid species is a pest of a wide range of legume species, including yardlong bean vigna unguiculata l. Aphis craccivora is the most important insect pest of cowpea and also causes significant yield losses in other legume crops including alfalfa, beans, chickpea, lentils, lupins and peanuts. Proceedings of biology of the academy of sciences of tajik ssr 454. More than 100 field pests of cowpea vigna unguiculata l. Aphididae, is one of the most destructive insect pests of legume plants worldwide. Aphididae are infected with a wide variety of facultative endosymbionts that can confer ecologically relevant traits, which in turn may drive microevolutionary processes in a dynamic selective environment. Aphis craccivora, variously known as the cowpea aphid, groundnut aphid or black legume aphid, is a true bug in the family aphididae.
Biology and demographic growth parameters of cowpea aphid aphis craccivora on. Cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora, is a major cowpea pest. Polyphagous, with a preference for legumes economic importance. Aphid colony, body length 12mm this aphid is known as cowpea aphids or cow pea aphids. Identification and characterization of resistance to cowpea. Aphis craccivora, crop pest, entomopathogenic fungi, median lethal concentration introduction cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch is a threat to cowpea growers in all over the country. Cowpea aphid aphis craccivora koch ilse schreiner, ph. Both nymphs and adults suck plant sap and cause serious damage right from the seedling to pod bearing stage. Aphids, as a group, represent some of the most damaging insects to agriculture in the world. A generation is from a given stage in the life cycle to the same stage in the offspring borror et al 1981. The cosmopolitan cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch hemiptera. The effect of pod growth stages in cowpea on aphid. Sometimes on the hibiscus plants in our backyard, we can find this aphids. When choosing a pesticide, consider information relating to air and water quality, resistance management, and the pesticides properties and application timing.
Pdf biological studies and life table of cycloneda. Maruca testulalis geyer and pod sucking bugs are commonly encountered and are of economic. Chemical, cultural, physical and biological methods, and use of plant. Aphididae, a holocyclic, heteroecious species, can infest eight families of plants, act as an important vector of over 50 plant viruses stoetzel and miller 2001, and cause serious economic losses to legumes. Control of the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch homoptera. Its feeding causes leaf shriveling and bud deformation and as the population increases, plant infested become weaked due to loss of sap and toxins injected silva et al.
Use of pesticides in intercrop leads to health and environmental risks. Biology and predatory potentiality of ischiodon scutellaris. Novel methods of monitoring the feeding behavior of homalodisca coagulata. This aphid known as cowpea aphids or cow pea aphids. Pdf biology and demographic growth parameters of cowpea aphid. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Closely spaced groundnuts are not visited by alate aphis craccivora as frequently as widely spaced plants hull, 1964. Aphis craccivora initially infests cowpea seedlings, but as this plant develops, it may infest flowers and pods berberet et al. Usda aphis, veterinary services preparedness and incident coordination staff this version of the usda aphis csf response plan. Pdf morphology, biology and behavioral aspects of aphis. Nov 15, 20 here, we investigate facultative symbiont species richness and prevalence among worldwide populations of the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch. Two methods, whole plant and detached leaf, were used in these experiments. The following are ranked with the pesticides having the greatest ipm value listed firstthe most effective and least harmful to natural enemies, honey bees, and the environment are at the top of the table.
The third, and perhaps most costly type of aphid damage, is as efficient vectors of a number of plant viruses. The bionomy and ecology of aphis craccivora on robinia pseudoacacia was studied. Eggs develop within the mother and nymphs are born live. Biology and demographic growth parameters of cowpea aphid. In many of these crops there is no natural genetic resistance to this sapsucking insect or resistance genes have been overcome by newly emerged cpa biotypes.
Identification, biology, distribution, host range, and seasonal occurrence of major aphid pests on. The production is, however, greatly hampered by severe infestation and damage by insect pests including the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch. Identification and characterization of resistance to cowpea aphid. Aphididae on cowpeavigna unguiculata, fabaceae article pdf available in acta biologica colombiana 203. The feeding of this aphid on clover and alfalfa causes plant wilting as well as. The damage and bionomics of the aphid are briefly introduced. Aphis craccivora, variously known as the cowpea aphid, groundnut aphid or black legume. To protect plant health, biotechnology regulatory services brs implements aphis regulations for certain organisms developed using genetic engineering that may pose a risk to plant health. Aphis craccivora cowpea aphid identification, images, ecology. Effects of treatments for electrical penetration graph recordings on. Environmental science and pollution research international 2020 v. Keep in mind that the search is only based on the full taxon name.
Walpers, is a major dietary staple in tropical africa where it is most often cultivated. Worldwide populations of the aphid aphis craccivora are infected with diverse facultative bacterial symbionts. They were the subject of numerous research studies, and the topic of many books, including dixon, 1973, dixon, 1985, harris and maramorosh, 1977, minks and harrewijn, 1987, blackman and eastop, 2000, and van emden and harrington 2007. The biology of resistance to cpa in sa30199 plants was. In plants which produce the phytoestrogen coumestrol, such as alfalfa, damage by aphids is. Colony development, biology, and demographic parameters were studied to measure the cowpea aphid performance. There were three larval instars and the total larval durations were 49, 610 and 59 days. A new distribution map is provided for aphis craccivora koch a. This page was last edited on 19 december 2019, at 19. Acyrthosiphon pisum, to a selection of novel biorational insecticides using an artificial diet. Since economic thresholds have been developed for individual species, proper aphid.
The longest hair on the third antennal segment is usually 0. The cowpea aphid on cotton is easily confused with cotton aphid, a. The first, second and third instar grubs consumed 3035, 6575 and 215220 aphis craccivora aphis craccivora subject category. Comparative biology and feeding potentiality of three. In taiwan, each female cowpea aphid can, lay nearly 100 nymphs during 2 wk at 25c kuo and chen 2004. Aphis craccivora a polyphagous aphid species with a preference for fabaceae. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams. However, relatively little is known about how symbiont. Aphis coordinates these responsibilities along with the other designated federal agencies as part of the federal coordinated framework for the regulation of. Cowpea, vigna unguiculata was infested at the young, mid. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. In addition, we evaluate the influence of density of gossypol glands and trichomes of leaves on the biology of the aphid. This chapter discusses the biology, ecology, and management of aphids that attack tomato.
Cowpea aphid aphis craccivora family aphididae this page contains pictures and information about cowpea aphids that we found in the brisbane area, queensland, australia. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. Studies on the ecology of aphis craccivora koch aphididae. North carolina agricultural experiment station technical bulletin 255.
Based on this definition, i sought the insect that has the shortest generation time. The main species of aphids attacking beans are aphis fabae scopoli and aphis craccivora koch. Aphis craccivora cowpea aphid identification, images. Morphtaxonomic analyses of 2009 aphid collections were carried out and the aphid was identified as aphis craccivora koch commonly called cowpea aphid. Genetic differentiating aphis fabae and aphis craccivora. Aphis coordinates these responsibilities along with the other designated federal agencies as part of the federal. The biology and feeding potentiality of three species of syrphid flies viz. Biotechnology regulatory services brs to protect plant health, biotechnology regulatory services brs implements aphis regulations for certain organisms developed using genetic engineering that may pose a risk to plant health. Aphis craccivora was found to be more dominant than a. There were two significant associations between facultative symbiont and aphid food plant. Aphid colony, body length 12mm this aphid is known as cowpea aphids or. During the spring season on the hibiscus plants in our backyard, we find this aphid. Observations on aphis craccivora koch, the vector of the rosette virus disease of groundnut, at serere, uganda, in 196468 showed that the aphids could survive the dry season on the common weeds euphorbia hirta and e. Aphis in the aphid species file database, accessed on 07012014.
The behavior of aphis gossypii and aphis craccivora. Aphis craccivora is the most important insect pest of cowpea and also causes significant yield losses in other legume crops including. The red book may 20 has been updated according to comments received on the prior version and revisions to the current foreign animal disease preparedness and response plan fad prep materials that are referenced here. The identification and characterization of this novel resistance locus to cpa. Facultative bacterial endosymbionts can play an important role in the evolutionary trajectory of their hosts. Cowpea aphid, groundnut aphid references originnal reference references links. Biology and demographic growth parameters of cowpea aphid aphis craccivora on faba bean vicia faba cultivars. Morphology, biology and behavioral aspects of aphis craccivora he miptera. Fungalbased biopesticides offer a better option because they are environment and consumerfriendly. Brady cm, asplen mk, desneux n, heimpel ge, hopper kr, linnen cr, oliver km, wulff ja, white ja. Morphology, biology and behavioral aspects of aphis craccivora. Originally of probable palearctic origin, it is now an invasive species of cosmopolitan distribution.
The adult females of these species lived for 1015, 1723 and 1014 days and laid 2535, 5362 and 2026 eggs, respectively. The performance of cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch. Cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch, a serious insect pest in legume agriculture, is reported on all continents except the antarctic pettersson et al. Nymphs dull greyish, lightly powdered biology it lives throughout the year without producing sexual forms. It is a major economic pest of groundnut and cowpea, particularly in the tropics, and a significant pest of mungbean vigna. Within a few days, nymphs mature into reproductive adults and. Mutualism between the bean aphids aphis craccivora koch and ants. It includes many notorious agricultural pests, such as the soybean aphid aphis. Generation time is the time required to complete a generation. This page contains pictures and information about cowpea aphids that we found in the brisbane area, queensland, australia.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms snps in mtdna cytochrome c oxidase. Darkbrown ovoid body of apterous female is shining. Enter the name or part of a name you wish to search for. Aphis craccivora is the most important insect pest of cowpea and. In general, this pest causes severe damage to beans in warm weather, especially in mediumrainfall areas of the region. Worldwide in distribution, but particularly common in warm temperate and tropical regions. The aphid rhopalosiphum prunifolia has the shortest generation time. Invertebrate microbiology worldwide populations of the aphid aphis craccivora are infected with diverse facultative bacterial symbionts cristina m. The green peach aphid, myzus persicae, is a vector for more than 110 plant viruses. Colony development, biology, and demographic parameters were studied to measure.
Control of the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch. See subspecies craccivora for additional information. It is one of the commonest aphid species in the tropics. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Sep 16, 2014 neem azalf as an inhibitor of growth and reproduction in the cowpea aphid aphis craccivora koch. Although outbreaks of this pest occur annually in thailand causing heavy damage, its genetic structure and demographic history are poorly understood. The aptera of aphis craccivora is dark brown with usually a very solid black shiny carapace from the metanotum to abdominal tergite 6. Morphology, biology and behavioral aspects of aphis craccivora he. Many north american and a few southern european aphis craccivora populations have a reduced sclerotic shield. Biological studies and life table of cycloneda sanguinea l. Identification and characterization of resistance to. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. The total aphid consumption by the grub ranged between 320330.
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